These values are taken from the Student’s t distribution, most often called the t distribution. When s is used, especially when the sample size is small, critical values greater than the values for z α/2 are used in confidence intervals in order to keep the interval at a given confidence level, such as 95%. However, most of the time, the value of σ is not known, so it must be estimated by using s, namely, the standard deviation of the sample. When σ is known and the sample size is 30 or more, or the population is normally distributed if the sample size is less than 30, the confidence interval for the mean can be found by using the z distribution, as shown in Section 7–1. Today i will teach you about Confidence Intervals for the Mean When σ Is Unknown
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February 2023
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